The working principle of a transformer is based on the phenomenon of electromagnetic induction, where a changing magnetic field induces a current in a nearby coil of wire. In a transformer, there are two coils of wire, called the primary and secondary winding, that are wrapped around a common magnetic core..jpeg)
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- When an alternating current (AC) voltage is applied to the primary winding, it creates a magnetic field that alternates with the same frequency as the AC voltage. This magnetic field cuts through the secondary winding and induces a current in it, which can be used to power a load connected to the secondary winding.
- The ratio of the number of turns in the primary winding to the number of turns in the secondary winding determines the voltage transformation ratio of the transformer. If the number of turns in the secondary winding is greater than the number of turns in the primary winding, the transformer is called a step-up transformer, and it increases the voltage. If the number of turns in the secondary winding is less than the number of turns in the primary winding, the transformer is called a step-down transformer, and it decreases the voltage.
- The construction of a transformer typically consists of the magnetic core, which is made of thin laminated sheets of magnetic material, such as iron or silicon steel, to reduce losses due to eddy currents. The primary and secondary windings are typically made of enameled copper wire and are wound around the magnetic core. The windings are insulated from each other and from the magnetic core to prevent electrical short circuits.
- In summary, a transformer works by converting AC electrical energy from one circuit to another by electromagnetic induction, with the transformation ratio determined by the ratio of the number of turns in the primary and secondary windings. The construction of a transformer consists of a magnetic core and primary and secondary windings wound around the core.
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